The Development of Modern Phenotypes

 Background

The White Race

Past Classification Schemes

Joseph Deniker (1899)

The Races of Man

        The Russian-born French anthropologist Joseph Deniker initially proposed "nordique" (meaning simply "northern") as an "ethnic group" (a term that he coined). He defined nordique by a set of physical characteristics: the concurrence of somewhat wavy hair, light eyes, reddish skin, tall stature and a dolichocephalic skull. In his 1899 Races de l'Europe, Deniker held there were six primary European races (besides four secondary or subsidiary races): Nordic, Littoral or Atlanto-Mediterranean, Oriental or Eastern, Adriatic or Dinaric, Ibero-Insular, and Occidental. The four intermediate races were all for the Nordic race: Northwestern, Sub-Nordic, Vistula, and Sub-Adriatic.

I. Assyroid race

1. Assyroid race: not found pure in any population, but it counts a sufficient number of representatives to give a character to entire populations, such as the Hadjemi-Persians, the Ayssores, certain Kurdish tribes, and some Armenians and Jews. The characteristic Jewish nose of caricature is an Assyroid nose; it is almost always associated with united eyebrows and thick lower lip. The Todas partly belong, perhaps, to this type.

II. Indo-Afghan race

2. Indo-Afghan race: typical representatives among the Afghans, the Rajputs, and in the caste of the Brahmins, but it has undergone numerous alterations as a consequence of crosses with Assyroid, Dravidian, Mongol, Turkish, Arab, and other elements.

III. North African group

3. Arab or Semite race: represented by typical individuals among the Arabs and certain Jews, the features of which are often found in most of the populations of Syria, Mesopotamia, Beloochistan, Egypt, and the Caucasus. 

4. Berber race: four varieties or “types,” according to Collignon.

IV. Melanochroid group (dark-complexioned races of Europe)

5. Littoral or Atlanto-Mediterranean race: found in a pure or mixed state along the shores of the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to the mouth of the Tiber, and on several points of the Atlantic coast, from the straits of Gibraltar to the mouth of the Guadalquivir, on the Bay of Biscay, in the lower valley of the Loire, etc. It is not met with anywhere at a greater distance than 120 or 150 miles from the sea. It is distinguished by its moderate dolichocephaly or mesocephaly (cephalic index from 79 to 80), by its stature above the average (1 m. 66), and very deep colouring of the hair and eyes.

• North-Western race: secondary so-called, tall, sub-dolichocephalic, with chestnut hair, often almost brown. It is found chiefly in the north-west of Ireland, in Wales, and the east of Belgium.

6. Ibero-insular race: chiefly found in the Iberian peninsula and the islands of the western Mediterranean. It is found, however, somewhat softened, in France (in Angoumois, Limousin, and Perigord) and in Italy (to the south of the Rome-Ascoli line). Principal characters: very short stature (1 m. 61 to 1 m. 62 on an average), very elongated head (cephalic index averaging 73 to 76), black, often curled, hair, very dark eyes, tawny skin, straight or turned-up nose, etc.

7. Western or Cevenole race: most characteristic type is in the extreme west of Europe, in the Cévennes, on the central table-land of France, and also in the western Alps. But it is found, a little modified, in Brittany (with the exception of Morbihan), in Poitou, Quercy, the middle valley of the Po, in Umbria, in part of Tuscany, in Transylvania, and probably the middle of Hungary. Blended with other races, it is found again at a number of points in Europe, from the basin of the middle Loire to that of the Dnieper, passing through Piedmont, Central and Eastern Switzerland, Carinthia, Moravia, Galicia, and Podolia. In Southern Italy, it is blended with the Ibero-insular race. It is characterised by a very rounded skull (average cephalic index from 85 to 87); by shortness of stature (1 m. 63 or 1 m. 64 on an average); by brown or black hair, light or dark brown eyes, rounded face, thick-set figure.

8. Adriatic or Dinaric: purest representatives are found along the coast of the Northern Adriatic and especially in Bosnia, Dalmatia, and Croatia. They are also found in Romania, Venetia, among the Slovenes, the Ladinos of the Tyrol, the Romansch of Switzerland, as well as in the populations of a region which extends south to north from Lyons to Liège, at first between the Loire and the Saône, then on to the table-land of Langres, in the upper valleys of the Saône and the Moselle, and into the Ardennes. In all these areas, the Adriatic race appears with its essential characteristics: high stature (1 m. 68 to 1 m. 72 on an average), extreme brachycephaly (cephalic index from 85–86), brown or black wavy hair; dark eyes, straight eyebrows; elongated face, delicate straight or aquiline nose; slightly tawny skin. The same characters, somewhat softened, are found among the populations of the lower valley of the Po, the north-west of Bohemia, in Romance Switzerland, in Alsace, in the middle basin of the Loire, among the Polish and Ruthenian mountaineers of the Carpathians, and lastly among the Ukrainians, and probably among the Albanians and the inhabitants of Serbia.

• Sub-Adriatic race: secondary race, not quite as tall (medium stature 1 m. 66) and less brachycephalic (average ceph. ind. from 82 to 85), but having lighter hair and eyes. This race—springing probably from the blending of the principal race with the tall, fair mesocephals (secondary Sub-northern race)—is found in Perche, Champagne, Alsace-Lorraine, the Vosges, Franche-comté, Luxemburg, Zealand (Holland), the Rhenish provinces, Bavaria, the south-east of Bohemia, Austria, the central district of the Tyrol, and a part of Lombardy and Venetia.

V. Xanthochroid group (fair races of Europe)

9. Northern race: very high stature (1 m. 73 on an average); fair, sometimes reddish, wavy hair; light eyes, for the most part blue; elongated, dolichocephalic head (cephalic index from 76 to 79); ruddy white skin, elongated face, prominent straight nose. The race of this type, pure or slightly modified, is found in Sweden, Denmark, Norway (with the exception of the west coast); in the north of Scotland; on the east coast and in the north of England, in Ireland (with the exception of the north-west), in the northern Faroe Isles, in Holland (north of the Rhine); in the Frisian countries, in Oldenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg; lastly, in the Baltic provinces of Russia, and among the Tavasts of Finland.

• Sub-northern race: secondary race, fair, mesocephalic, of tall stature, with angular face, turned-up nose, straight hair; it is found more especially in Northern Germany, among the Baltics, in Finland, and on the west coast of Norway.

10. Eastern race: stature somewhat short (1 m. 63 or 1 m. 64 on an average), moderately rounded head (cephalic index, 82 to 83), straight, light yellow or flaxen hair, square-cut face, nose frequently turned up, blue or grey eyes. The representatives of this race are the Belarusians, the Polieshchooki of the Pinsk marshes, and certain Lithuanians. Blended with others, this type is frequent among the Russians of Northern and Central Russia, as well as in Finland and Eastern Prussia. 

• Vistulian race: secondary race, fair, mesocephalic, of very short stature, the characteristics of which are frequently found among the Poles, the Kashoobs, and probably in Saxony and Silesia.

VI. Lapp race 

11. Lapp race: fairly pure among some tribes of Scandinavian Lapps; elsewhere it is blended with the northern and eastern races (Scandinavians, Finns, Russians).

William Z. Ripley (1899)

William_Z._Ripley

        American economist William Z. Ripley purported to define a "Teutonic race" in his book The Races of Europe (1899). He divided Caucasians into three main subcategories: Teutonic (northern race), Alpine (central race), and Mediterranean (southern race). According to Ripley, the "Teutonic race" resided in Scandinavia, northern France, northern Germany, the Baltic states and East Prussia, northern Poland, northwest Russia, Great Britain, Ireland, and parts of Central and Eastern Europe, and was typified by light hair, light skin, blue eyes, tall stature, a narrow nose, and slender body type. The Alpine race resided in central France, southern Central Europe, northern Italy, and Southeastern and Eastern Europe, and were typified by a rounded-skull (or brachycephalic), stocky stature, and intermediate hair, eye, and skin color. The Mediterranean race resided in Iberia, southern France, southern Italy, and Greece, and was typified by a long-skull (or dolichocephalic), short/medium stature, and dark hair, eyes, and skin.

        It was Ripley who popularized this idea of three biological European races. He borrowed Deniker's terminology of Nordic (he had previously used the term "Teuton"). Ripley’s division of the European races relied on a variety of anthropometric measurements, but focused especially on their cephalic index and stature.

Race	Head	Face	Hair	Eyes	Stature	Nose	Synonyms
Nordic	Long	Long	Blonde, light brown	Blue	Tall	Narrow, aquiline	Teutonic
Alpine	Round	Broad	Light brown, medium brown	Hazel, gray	Medium; stocky	Rather broad, heavy	Celtic, Occidental
Mediterranean	Long	Long	Dark brown, black	Dark	Medium; slender	Narrow, slightly aquiline	Mediterranid

Hans F. K. Gunther (1922)

Hans F. K. Günther

        In Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes (Racial Science of the German People), published 1922, Hans F. K. Günther identified six principal European races instead of three (Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean), adding the East Baltic race (related to the Alpine race), Dinaric race (related to the Nordic race), and Armenoid race (predominant race of the Jews), to Ripley's categories. 

        The "Phalic" race was a minor category regarded as a sub-type of the Nordic race, and was dropped in many of Günther’s writings. "Western" and "Eastern" were, in practice, alternatives for the more widely used terms of "Mediterranean" and "Alpine". Günther’s "Near Eastern race" would laterobecame more commonly known as the "Armenid race".

   

Aryan Race

1. Nordic (Nordische)

• Phalic (Fälische)

2. Alpine (“Eastern”)
3. Mediterranean (“Western”)
4. Dinaric 
5. East Baltic 
6. Armenoid ("Near Eastern")
7. Hamitic

Ewald Banse (1925)

        Hans F. K. Günther’s work was influential in Ewald Banse's publication of Die Rassenkarte von Europa in 1925, which combined research by Deniker, Ripley, Grant, Otto Hauser, Günther, Eugen Fischer, and Gustav Kraitschek.

European Race

1.     Nordic Race

•    Falish Race

3.     Western Race (Mediterranid)

4.     East Baltic Race

5.     Eastern Race (Alpinid)

6.     Dinaric Race

7.     Near Eastern Race

8.     Oriental Race

 

Czekanowski (1930)

Czekanowski; Czekanowski (1967)

White varieties

1.     Northern group

·        Nordic race:

·        Northwestern type: a mixed type of the Nordic and Mediterranean races.

·        Sub-Nordic type: a mixed type of the Nordic and Lapponoid races.

2.     Eastern group

·        Lapponoid race:

·        Pre-Slavonic type: a mixed type of the Mediterranean and Laponoid races.

·        Paleo-European race: longhead / low intermediatethy anastomosis, distinguished by a short and wide face, wide nose, light eyes, and hair of a reddish tinge, skin often freckled, average height.

·        Paleo-European-Nordic type: mesocephalic, with a wide face and nose and light pigmentation, massive structure; often found in northern and central Germany

·        Paleo-European-Lapponoid type: equivalent to the East Baltic type.

3.     Caucasian-Alpine group

·        Armenoid race:

·        Dinarid type: a mixed type of the Nordic and Armenoid races

·        Alpinid type: a mixed type of the Lapponoid and Armenoid races

4.     Mediterranean group

·        Mediterranean race:

·        Littoral type: a mixed type of the Mediterranean and Armenoid races

·        Oriental race:

Klimek (1932)

Klimek (1932)

White Race 

  1. Nordic 

  2. Subnordic 

  3. North Western 

  4. Mediterranean 

  5. Litoral 

  6. Armenoid 

  7. Dinaric 

  8. Alpine 

  9. Oriental 

10. Mediterranoid❓

11. Meridional 

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt (1934)

Eickstedt (1937); Eickstedt (1952); Eickstedt

        Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt was a German physical anthropologist who studied the classification of human races. He would become one of the leading racial theorists of Nazi Germany. Eickstedt was the author of Rassenkunde und Rassengeschichte der Menschheit (Ethnology and the Race History of Mankind), published in 1937.

Europids

Lightly pigmented forms

1. Nordid

• Teuto-Nordid
• Dalo-Nordid
• Fenno-Nordid

2. Osteuropid (East Europid)

Dark pigmented forms

3. Mediterranid

• Gracile Mediterranid
• Eurafricanid
• Trans-Mediterranid
• Berberids
• Atlantids (local type of the British Isles)

4. Orientalid

• Arabid
• Iranid

5. Indid

• North-Indid
• Gracile Indid
• Indo-Brachid
• Keralid
• Gharwalid
• Sinhalese

6. Polynesid

• Polynesid proper 
• Micronesid

Upland-mountain forms

6. Alpinid

• West Alpinid (European Alpinid)
• East Alpinid (Asian Alpinid)
• African Alpinid

7. Lappid
8. Dinarid
9. Armenid

10. Turanid

• Aralid
• Pamirid

Proto-European forms

11. Ainuid

12. West-Veddid

• Gondid
• Malid

13. East-Veddid

• Toalid

George-Alexis Montandon (1935)

Montandon (1933)

The Swiss anthropologist George-Alexis Montandon specialized in racial classification and published L'Ethnie française (The French Ethnicity) in 1935. Montandon’s work was heavily influenced by Joseph Deniker’s 1899 book Races de l'Europe. He divided the French population into three races: Blond, Alp-Arménienne, and Mediterranean; and seven subraces: Nordic, Subnordic, Dinaric, Alpine, Ibero-Insular, Littoral, and Baskid.

Europid race

Laponienne (Lappid)

Aïnienne

Blonde

Nordique

Subnordique

Caucasienne

Alp-Arménienne

Alpine

Adriatique (Dinarid)

Anatolienne (Armenid)

Pampirienne (Pamarid)

Brune (Méditerranéenne)

Ibéro-Insulaire (Gracile Mediterranid)

Littorale (Littorid)

Basque (Baskid)

Berbére (Berberid)

Arabe (Arabid)

Indo-Afghane (Iranid)

Indonésienne

Malaise

Polynésienne

  

Arkady Isaakovich Jarcho (1941)

Jarcho

Europid race

1. Pamiro-Fragani race (Turanid race)

2. Nordic race

3. Alpine race

4. Dinaric race

5. Baltic race

6. Mediterranean race

7. Armenoid race

Races transiting between Europeanids and Negroids

1. Dravidian race
2. Ethiopian race

Races transiting between Europeanids and Mongoloids

1. Lapponoid race

Renato Biasutti (1941)

Biasutti (1941); Biasutti (1967)

Europeanid racial trunk

A. Circle of equatorial forms
I. Pre-Europid branch

1. Ainu race

2. Uralic race

II. Europid branch

3. Mediterranean race 

• Berberide
• Litoranea (Atlanto-Mediterranid)
• Appenninica (Central Italian type)
• Pugliese (South Italian type)
• Apuana (Northwest Italian type)
• Paleosarda (Paleo Sardinian)
• Iberica (Gracile Mediterranid)
• Pirenaica (Baskid)
• Perigordina (Dordogne type)
• Gaelica (Paleo Atlantid)

4. Nordic race 

• Teutonica (Hallstatt)
• Dalish (Dalofaelid)
• Finnish (Fenno Nordid)
• Irish (Gaelic type)
• Britannica (Keltic Nordid)
• Atlantica (North Atlantid)

5. Alpine race

• Alpina Orientale (East Alpinid)
• Georgian (Mtebid)
• Bretone (Brittany type)
• Cevennale (Cevennes type)

6. Baltic race

• Northern Baltic (East Baltid)
• Pre Slavic
• Carpatica (Gorid)

7. Adriatic race

• Padanian (North Italian type)
• Borreby 
• Dinarica (Dinarid)
• Norica (Norid)
• Renana (Rhineland type)
• Durmitor (Montenegrin type)

8. Anatolian race

• Armenide (Armenoid)

9. Turanide race

• Pamiriana (Pamirid)
• Aralica 

10. Orientalide race

• Iraniana (Iranid)
• Assiride (Assyroid)
• Libica (Libyid)
• Arabica (Arabid)
• Copta (Egyptid)

11. Indian race

• Peninsular Indo-Afgana 
• Brachimorfa

III. Lappid race

12. Laponoid race

B. Circle of sub-equatorial derivative forms

IV. Paleo Indian offshoot

12. Tamil race

13. Malabar race

• Canarian sub-race

 V. Ethiopian offshoot

14. Ethiopian race

• Oromonic sub-race
• Maasai sub-race
• Batutsi sub-race

15. Saharan race

16. Malagasy race

Bertil J. Lundman (1943)

Europid Race

Thin to medium-thick, more or less light skin. Soft, smooth to wavy or curly hair and (most often) strong growth of beard, quite narrow nose. Types of body build: mostly juvenile (virile) and boreal, occasionally mature. 

A. Caspid eastern high-skulled racial group:

1. Boreal: medium growth (164-167 cm); Rohrer index 1.35-1.45 (stage structure); BMI 2.25-2.50 (heavy structure); legs short in relation to the trunk

• Face robust and somewhat protomorphic (primitive). 
• Eye sockets often somewhat slanted. More-or-less high in frequency of blood type B. 
• Volgid: dark pigmented, very short-statured, stocky, long- to medium-skulled.
• East Baltid: very light pigmented, taller, however thickset, round-headed with flat occiput. Eyes often situated somewhat flat in the face. 

1.     Tavastid: The Western part of Finland and Estonia.

2.     Savolaxid: The eastern part of both countries, reaching east into Russia and south to the Carpathians.

• Horizontal eye slit.
• Pre-Pontid Race: very long-headed, with primitive features (e.g. large subsupranial arches); traces of it in the Balkans and Caucasus
• Round-skulled (brachycephalic), face almost infantile.
• Lappid: very short-statured, with very low face and round skull, rather dark pigmented. Low frequency of blood type B and very high frequency of blood type A. Also very unique in other serological traits. 
• East Alpinid or Gorin: Similar, but less pronounced, traits. Much higher frequency of blood type B. The center of concentration is central and partly eastern Europe. Also found in Asia Minor and the Caucasus.

2. Mature-boreal: a very brachycephalic skull and a high, very flat occipita and a large nose.

• Taurid: mature-boreal, with very high and round skull, very flat occiput and larger nose. At least two subtypes:
• Dinarid: very tall with short arms.
• Anatolid or Armenid: mature-boreal, medium-sized.
• Mtebid: found in the Caucasus, with somewhat less pronounced features compared to previous ones and with very low blood group B.
• Carpathid: found in the Carpathian region, an Armenoid - East Alpinid mixture.
• Litorid: Armenoid-Mediterranean mixture.
• Pamirid

3. Progressive eumorphic types. Extremely long-skulled.

• East Mediterranid: dark pigmented, with many subtypes. 
• Pontid: in southern Russia, Ukraine and the eastern Balkans.
• Iranid: partly influenced by the Arabid with narrow rectangular face. 
• North-Indid: very tall, heavily bearded, large nose and a high frequency of blood type B. 
• Gracile-Indid: small, very gracile, small cranial capacity, with thin, sparse beard and a high frequency of blood type B. 
• Saharid or South-Mediterranid: in North Africa, rather tall and juvenile. 
• Aegyptid: very closely related to the Saharid, but with a high frequency of blood type B. 
• East Nordid: similar to the West Nordic race in anthropological traits (has almost disappeared through crossing).
• Arin (Proto Nordid)
• Aistin (Aisto Nordid)

B. Atlantid northwestern low-skulled racial group (always with low frequencies of blood type B). 

4. Long-skulled (dolichocephalic). 

• Palaeo-Atlantid: somewhat protomorphic, broad-nosed, very broad-faced, tall and robust, light-mixed in pigmentation. Low in the frequency of blood type A and high in blood type O. 
• Tydal: 
• Canarid: 
• Nordid: virile, more progressive, lighter in pigmentation. Three subtypes:
• Falina (Dalofaelid): broad-faced, more robust subtype, fair-haired and fair-eyed.
• Gota (Halstatt): narrow-faced, more gracile subtype, fair-haired and fair-eyed. 
• North Atlantid: morphologically similar to the Halstatt, more dark- haired but at the same time light-eyed, higher frequency of blood type O and a lower frequency of A than the other two subtypes. 
• Southern, dark-pigmented, short-statured group.
• Berid: paedo-protomorph, with low frequencies of the blood types A and B. 
• Ephebe-shaped (juvenile)
• West-Mediterranid: horizontal eye-orbits. 
• Basquid subtype: a more virile subtype typical of the Basques. The ABO-allelic relationships, and also the Rh-system, are very unique in several ways in this subtype. 
• Arabid: slanted orbits and almond eyes. Differentiated from the preceding types in facial morphology and facial dynamics. Also a very narrow and sloping forehead, with a distinct rhombic face.
• Syrid subtype: broad-formed, with a lower frequency of blood type O. 

5. Round-skulled (brachycephalic).

• West Alpinid: infantile-boreal, short-statured, brunet, round-faced, inflated temples.
• Strandina (Strandid)
• Cevennina

Earnest A. Hooton (1946)

Physical anthropology

Caucasian race

Main sub-races:

1. Mediterranean sub-race: 

• Upper Paleolithic (Euraficanid): Occasional in refuge areas of Europe and the Middle East; probably most common in Ireland, Scotland, Wales.
• Iranian Plateau or Irano-Afghan: It differs from the Upper Paleolithic type in nose shape, height, and build. Mainly in Iraq and Iran. Reaches northwestern India.
• Classic Mediterranean variants:
• Straight-nosed type (Gracile Mediterranid): A reduced derivative of the Upper Paleolithic type. Found throughout the Mediterranean basin (especially southern Italy, southern France, the Iberian Peninsula, northern Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula). Occasionally in eastern, central, and more frequently north-western Europe, mainly in the British Isles.
• Hooked-nosed or Arabo-Mediterranean type: A variant of the Classic Mediterranean type with a convex nose, being a reduced derivative of the Iranian-Highland type. Mainly a Mediterranean subrace, with minor Armenoid and probably Nordic admixture. Concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, with occasional occurrences in Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy.
• Berber type or Crude Mediterranean: Mainly the Mediterranean sub-breed with minor admixture from the Alpine sub-breed. Concentrated in northwestern Africa (Morocco, Algeria) among the Berbers. Sporadically in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy.

2. Nordic sub-race: It originated as a depigmented variant of the Mediterranean race, probably in the Eurasian steppe region (north of the Aral Sea). Found in Scandinavia, especially in Sweden and the highlands of Norway; common in the Baltic areas and the British Isles; sporadic throughout Europe.

• Gracile: Very similar to the Mediterranean subrace, but taller, with a more elongated face and nose that is often convex; delicate skeleton; flat temples, sloping forehead, weak supraorbital arches; invisible cheekbones; high lower jaw with slightly protruding angles; chin not too prominent and pointed; ash-blond or light brown hair, pinkish skin, light eyes (blue or grey). Tendency to be slender: long neck; sloping shoulders of medium width; relatively short torso; flat and shallow chest; medium-long arms; slender wrists; long legs, especially calves.
• Massive: Skeleton with a strong structure; head often with a high mesocephalic index; wider, less sloping forehead; larger supraorbital arches; wider, prominent nose; wider face, with more prominent cheekbones; higher and wider lower jaw, prominent angles of the jaw (gony); very prominent and wide chin; thicker skin; hair color more often red-blond or red-brown; eyes more often light mixed than pure blue.

3. Keltic sub-race (North Atlantid): Medium or long-headed, with light eyes and dark or red hair. An independently developed sub-race from north-western Europe. The center of concentration is Ireland, common in the Scottish Highlands and Wales, and occasionally found in England, Brittany, and other parts of Western Europe.

4. Alpine sub-race: Concentrated in a central belt stretching from France to the Urals. Also found in southern Norway, Denmark, northern Italy, Bavaria, the Czech Republic, the Balkans, occasionally in the Near East and rarely in northwestern Africa (Maghreb).

5. East Baltic sub-race: The Alpine sub-race, the Lapps, who brought pseudo-Mongoloid traits, as well as the Nordic sub-race, could have participated in its formation. It occurs in Finland and other Scandinavian countries, Russia, the Baltic countries, Poland, and northern Germany.

6. Ainu sub-race: Hairy, long-headed, brunettes with a medium-wide nose. Found on Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands. Recent Mongoloid admixtures can be detected in many Ainu, especially visible in women. According to Hooton, they have the same or a similar archaic Europid component as the admixture in Australian Aborigines.

Compound sub-races:

1. Armenoid sub-race

2. Dinaric sub-race

• British Bronze Age - Beaker type (Norid)

Mixed types:

1. Nordic-Alpine type (Subnordic)

2. Nordic-Mediterranean type (Atlantid)

Composite races (predominantly Caucasian):

1. Australian race

• Murray type 
• Carpenterian type
• Tasmanoid type (Tasmanoid).

2. Indo-Dravidian race

• Classic Indo-Dravidian type
• Armenoid-Iranian Plateau type
• Indo-Nordic type
• Veddoid type
• Negritoid type

3. Polynesian race

Carleton S. Coon (1950)

Racial Classification within the White Family

A. European race (Caucasoids)

1.     Northwest European type — The Northwest European population lives in most of Scandinavia, the Benelux countries, northwestern Germany, northern France, and the British Isles. As a result of European colonization and emigration, populations with similar characteristics can be found in Canada, the USA, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

·        Nordic types: The basic Nordic is the Corded-Danubian blend of the Aunjetitz and of the Early Iron Age in central Europe. This type includes some Bell Beaker Dinaric absorbed in early Metal Age times. Although Danubian and Corded types may appear as individuals, they may nowhere be isolated as populations.

·        Osterdal Type: The original Hallstatt Nordic, smaller-headed and finer boned; occurs in many populations as individuals, typical only in Sweden and in the eastern valleys of Norway.

·        Iron Age Nordic: The Keltic sub-type, mesocephalic and low-vaulted, with a prominent nose. Commonest in the British Isles, where in places it forms the principal element in the population. Also, a major element in Flanders and the Frankish country in southwestern Germany.

·        Corded Nordid

·        Danubian Nordid

·        Nordic with Upper Paleolithic admixture

·        Anglo-Saxon: The old Germanic Reihengräber type, a heavy-boned, rather high-headed Nordic variety, most prevalent in northern Germany and England.

·        Trondelagen (Tronder): A hybrid type of Nordic with Corded and Brünn elements, frequent in the central coastal provinces of Norway, north of the Dovre Mountains; the principal form in Iceland, and among the Frisians, and common in the British Isles. The Anglo-Saxon type lies between it and the true Nordic.

·        Proto-European types: Large-headed Paleolithic survivors.

·        Brünn: Crô-Magnon to some extent, found in solution with Borreby, Nordic, and other elements, mostly in Scandinavia and the British Isles, also in North Africa and the Canary Islands. May appear in comparatively pure form among individuals, although nowhere as a total population.

·        Borreby: Large-headed brachycephals of Ofnet-Afalou type, the unreduced brachycephalic strain in Crô-Magnon; found in solution in peripheral regions of northwestern Europe, and as a major population element in most of northern and central Germany, and in Belgium. Like the Brünn race, with which it is often associated, it occurs also in North Africa and the Canary Islands.

2.     North-Eastern European type — Populations of northeastern Europeans, inhabiting areas from the Baltic Sea to Siberia and from the Carpathians and the Black Sea to the Arctic regions of Russia.

·        Ladogan: The descendants of the mesocephalic and brachycephalic forest-dwelling population of northern Europe east of the Baltic in Kammkeramik times. This type is a blend of a partly mongoloid brachycephalic element with a mesocephalic form of general Upper Palaeolithic aspect; these elements are seen in crania from Lake Ladoga and Salis Roje. Corded and/or Danubian elements are inextricably blended here, although the mongoloid and Upper Palaeolithic elements seem at present more important.

·        Neo Danubian: Strongly mixed with the old Danubian, and to a lesser extent other elements, to form the common peasant type of eastern Europe, with many local variants.

·        East Baltic: Strongly mixed with Corded, Hallstatt, and western Palaeolithic survivors to form the predominant population of much of Finland and the Baltic States.

3.     Alpine type — A reduced and somewhat foetalized survivor of the Upper Palaeolithic population in Late Pleistocene France, highly brachycephalized; seems to represent, in a large measure, the bearer of the brachycephalic factor in Crô-Magnon. Close approximations to this type also appear in the mountainous and upland regions of Europe, the Alps, the Carpathians, the Balkans, and in the mountainous and upland areas in Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and up to Tajikistan, suggesting that its ancestral prototype was widespread in Late Pleistocene times. The Alpine territorial distribution is not the result of an invasion, but of a parallel set of emergences. In modern races, it sometimes appears in a relatively pure form, sometimes as an element in mixed brachycephalic populations of multiple origin. It may have served in both Pleistocene and modern times as a bearer of the tendency toward brachycephalization in various populations.

4.     Taurid type — In the territory inhabited by Alpine populations, there are also individuals of the Dinarid/Armenoid type (forming local populations such as in northern Albania or Transcaucasia): taller, with a convex/humped nose and a very flat occipit.

·        Dinaric (Mediterranean derivative): A tall, brachycephalic type of intermediate pigmentation, usually planoccipital, and showing the facial and nasal prominence of Near Eastern peoples. The basic population of the whole Dinaric-Alpine highlands from Switzerland to Epirus, also in the Carpathians and Caucasus, as well as Syria and Asia Minor. Apparently a brachycephalized blend in which Atlanto-Mediterranean and Cappadocian strains are important, with Alpine acting as the brachycephalizing agent in mixture. Borreby and Corded elements, also Nordic, appear to be involved in some regions.

·        Noric (Nordic derivative): A blond, planoccipital brachycephal frequently encountered in South Germany and elsewhere in central Europe. This is apparently an Iron Age Nordic brachycephalized by Dinaric mixture and seems in most respects to take the form of a blond Dinaric variant. Both Deniker and Czekanowski have recognized this type, and it is a standard race, under various names, in most Russian studies. The name Noric was gived it by Lebzelter. A brachycephalized Neo-Danubian, common in Yugoslavia, is a parallel or variant form.

·        Armenoid (Irano-Afghan derivative): A similar brachycephalic composite type, with the same head form as the Dinaric, but a larger face and nose. The pigmentation is almost entirely brunet, the pilous development of beard and body abundant, the nose high rooted, convex, and the tip depressed, especially in advanced age. The difference between the Armenoid and the Dinaric is that here it is the Irano-Afghan race which furnishes the Mediterranean element, brachycephalized by Alpine mixture.

5.     Mediterranean type — Populations living in the Mediterranean basin (i.e. southern Europe and northern Africa) and the Arabian Peninsula. As a result of European colonization (Spain and Portugal) and emigration (mainly Italy), they inhabit Latin America in large numbers.

·        Mediterranean proper: Short-statured, dolicho- and mesocephalic form found in Spain, Portugal, the western Mediterranean islands, and to some extent in North Africa, southern Italy, and other Mediterranean borderlands. Its purest present-day racial nucleus is without doubt Arabia. Most of the Cappadocian, isolated in the skeletal material, seems to have been absorbed into the western Mediterranean variety after its early Metal Age migration, while that which remained in Asia Minor became assimilated into the Dinaric and Armenoid. It still appears, however, among individuals in its original form, and is particularly common among Oriental Jews.

·        Atlanto-Mediterranean: The tall, straight-nosed Mediterranean, not mesocephalic, as Deniker erroneously stated, but strongly dolichocephalic. Today this race forms the principal element in the population of North Africa, and is strong in Iraq, Palestine, parts of Arabia, and the eastern Balkans; in solution with varying degrees of negroid it is also the principal race in the whole of East Africa. In Europe it is a minority element in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and the British Isles.

6.     Irano-Afghan type — The long-faced, high-headed, hook-nosed type, usually of tall stature, which forms the principal element in the population of Iran, Afghanistan, and the Turkoman country, and which is also present in Palestine, parts of Arabia, and North Africa. It is probably related to the old Corded type of the Neolithic and Bronze Age.

7.     Lappish type — A stunted, highly brachycephalized, largely brunet relative of the Ladogan, originally living to the east of the Ladogan type area, in the Urals and western Siberia. A small population of Lappish people lives in the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Has probably assimilated some evolved mongoloid, but owes its partly mongoloid appearance more to the retention of an early intermediate evolutionary condition. In modern times, much mixed with Ladogan and Nordic.

8.     Hindu type — Populations of northern India, southern Nepal, Bangladesh and partly Pakistan. Usually from the Indo-European language family. Also representatives of some upper castes in South India.

9.     Veddoid type — Peoples with small heads, includes the aboriginal population of southern Arabia east of the Yemen and various groups in Baluchistan. This variety is characterized by an abundance of wavy or ringleted hair, and facial features which in some instances suggest Australoid affinities.

Drexel (1955)

Drexel (1955)

Europid

• Ainuide 
• Nordic
• Fenno-Nordisch 
• Dalo-Nordisch or Dalo-Fälisch
• Teuto-Nordisch 
• Alpin 
• Osteuropid 
• Sudetisch (Pre Slavic)
• Lappid or Lapponid
• Dinaroid 
• Norisch (Norid)
• Armenoid 
• Kaukasid 
• Mediterran (Meridional, Südeuropid)
• Irano-Indid 
• Iranid 
• Indid 
• Semito-Arabid 
• Libo-Berberid 
• Libid 
• Berberid 
• Polynesid

B. Jasicki, S. Panek, P. Sikora, E. Stolyhwo (1962)

Eurasian main race

I. European races 

1. Northern groups (xantrochroi or light pigmented)

• Atlanto-Baltic race - is characterized by fair skin, blond hair and eyes, high height of the nose (in percentage of the lower part of the face), tall height.
• White Sea-Baltic race - light skin, but slightly more pigmented than the Atlantic-Baltic race, has a rather average facial and body hair, has a relatively short nose with a straight or concave back and a significant percentage of upturned tips, a short face and an average height of body.

2. Intermediate contact groups (with mixed pigmentation, brown hair) - has a lower percentage of light shades of hair and eyes than Northern groups, generally less long-headed, slightly shorter height.

• Atlanto-Black Sea race
• Eastern European race (Central European race)

3. Southern groups (melanchroi or dark pigmented) - is characterized by dark hair and eye color, dark complexion, wavy hair, even more elongated nose than the previous ones, slightly more convex nose profile, very narrow face, dolicho- or mesocephaly.

• Mediterranean-Balkanian race (Balkan-Caucasian)- is characterized by dark hair, dark or mixed eyes, convex nose, very abundant development of facial hair and hair, relatively short and very wide face, brachycephalia, tall height.
• Near Eastern race (Antero-Asian race)
• Indo-Pamir race (Indo-Mediterranean race)- is characterized by dark hair and eye color, dark complexion, wavy hair, even more elongated nose than the previous ones, slightly more convex nose profile, very narrow face, dolicho- or mesocephaly.

II. Transit groups between Mongoloid and European races

4. Uralic race (Uralo-Laponoid)

5. South Siberian race

6. Mixed Central Asian groups

7. Mixed groups of Siberia

8. American mestizos

Sonia Cole (1965)

Races of Man by Sonia Cole (1965)

Caucasoids

Europe

1.     Early Mediterranean: Now represented only by the Basques. Distinctive owing to their unique blood-group pattern and pre-Indo-European language. 

2.     Mediterranean Proper: Represented by such people as the Arabs and Spaniards. Light build, medium stature, rather long head, brunet complexion. 

3.     Irano-Afghan: Represented mainly in Iran, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and north-western India. Heavy build, large and long head, high-bridged and long nose, abundant beard and body hair. Apart from pigment, they are of the same physical type as Nordics. 

·        Atlanto-Mediterranean type: Similar to Irano-Afghan in build, long head, rugged features. The type of the megalith builders. Now found typically among the Berbers of North Africa and in individuals from Greece to Spain and the British Isles. Often associated with blondism. 

·        Dinaric type: Large, round head, flattened at the back (often artificially); prominent hooked nose; long face; tall stature. Represented by various peoples east of the Adriatic.

·        Armenoid type: Similar to Dinaric, but with more exaggerated features. Very prominent hooked nose with depressed tip; head flattened at the back (again, usually artificially); full lips; abundant beard and body hair. Found in Armenia and north-eastern Turkey. 

4.     Nordic: Tall, blond, long head, long face, narrow nose, deep chin. Typically found in Sweden and East Norway. 

·        'Celtic Iron Age' type: Low forehead, is a variant which survives mainly in Ireland and Scotland 

5.     Alpine: Round head, thick-set build, sallow complexion, broad nose with blobby tip. Represented by some of the French, Bavarians, Swiss and northern Italians. 

6.     East Baltics: Round-headed, very blond people of countries east of the Baltic who originated in Asia and speak Finno-Ugrian languages. Include many of the Balts, Finns, Poles and Russians. 

7.     Lapps: Short stature, very short legs, round head, broad face, small jaws and teeth, broad concave nose. Highly individual blood-group frequencies.

India

1.     Southern group: Dark-skinned populations of south-eastern India (excluding the Veddoids) and North Ceylon, speaking Dravidian languages. 

2.     'Mediterranean' Indians: Lighter-skinned, lightly built, long-headed typically Mediterranean populations such as the Hindus, forming the largest group in India and speaking Indo-European languages. (The Irano-Afghan type is also represented in north-western India.)

North and North-eastern Africa

1.     Northern group: Includes the Hamitic-speaking Berbers, mostly of Atlanto-Mediterranean type.

2.     Eastern group: Includes the Egyptians and the Semitic- and Hamitic-speaking inhabitants of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia and Somalia) who are mixed with Negroids in varying degrees.

Ireneusz Michalski (1965)

White variety of man; Type grouping in Europe

White variety of man

1.     Archaic types (Y)

·        Cromanionoid race (Y): tall; massive build; head long; face wide; nose mid-wide; bright pigmentation (sometimes reddish shades of hair); freckled skin.

·        Baltic type (YL): Cromagnid and Laponoid mix, prevails in the far North and Central Europe.

·        Pseudo-Alpine type (YH): Cromagnid and Armenoid mix, prevails in the Alpine-Carpathian region and the Balkans.

·        Riffian type (YB): Cromagnid and Berber mix, prevails in the Rif Mountains and Kabylia.

·        Atlantic type (YE): Cromagnid and West Mediterranean mix, prevails in the Northwest of Europe.

·        (YQ): 

2.     Northwestern types (A)

·        Nordic race (A): tall growth, rather slender build; intermediate head; face narrow; nose narrow, straight; bright pigmentation.

·        Teutonic type (AY): Nordic and Cromagnid mix, prevails in the Northwest of Europe.

·        Northwestern type (AE): Nordic and West Mediterranean mix, prevails in Northwest Europe.

3.     Southwestern types (E)

·        West Mediterranean race (E):

·        Sublaponoid type (EL): West Mediterranean and Laponoid mix

4.     Southern types (B and K)

·        Berber race (B): a characteristic component of the population of Northwest Africa (Berbers) and Egypt (since the pre-dynastic era).

·        Aegean type (AB): Nordic and Berber mix

·        Mediterranean-Oriental type (BK): Berber and Oriental mix

·        Submediterranoid type (BE): Berber and West Mediterranean mix

·        (YB): 

·        Berberoid type (BL): found in North Africa, concentrated in the Atlas Mountains region of Algeria and Morocco. By some anthropologists, it is recognized as a local variety of the Alpine breed.

·        (BK): 

·        (BQ): 

·        Oriental race (K): 

·        Suboriental type (EK): West Mediterranean and Oriental mix

·        Amoric type (AK): 

·        Subarmenoid type (KH): 

·        Refaic type (YK): Cromagnid and Oriental mix 

·        West Asian type (KL): Oriental and Laponoid mix 

·        (KQ): 

5.     Southeastern types (Armenoid H)

·        Armenoid race (H): 

·        Dinarid type (AH): 

·        Alpine type (HL): 

·       Litoral type (EH):  Armenoid and West Mediterranean mix

·        Levantine type (BH): Berber and Armenoid mix

·        (YH): 

6.     Central types: transitional types to the yellow variety

·        Laponoid race (L) - European variant: 

·        Sub-Nordic type (AL): Nordic and Laponoid mix, prevails in Central Europe.

·        Ajnuidal-Laponoid type (PL): 

7.     Eastern types

   ·       Ajnuid race (P): concentrated with the Ain in northern Japan, Sakhalin, with a few (mixed with yellow types) in eastern Siberia in some Paleo-Asiatic tribes (Giliacy).

Vallois (1968)

Vallois (1968)

Caucasoids

• Nordique 
• Dalique 
• Est-Européenne 
• Dinarique 
• Alpine 
• Méditerranéenne 
• Ibéro-Insulaire 
• Atlanto-Méditerranéenne 
• Saharienne 
• Aïnou 
• Anatolienne (Anatolid)
• Arménoïde (Armenid)
• Touranienne or Turque (Turanid)
• Sud-Orientale (Arabid)
• Indo-Afghane 
• Lapons

Debets (1974)

Europeoid 

I. Southern Branch 

1. Indo-Afghan 

• North Indian 
• Hindu Kush 
• Pamiro-Ferghan 

2. Mediterranean 

• Hither-Asian 
• Near Asiatic 
• Caucasian 
• Dinaric 

II. Central European 

3. Nordic 

4. Valdai (Tavastia)

5. Carphatian 

6. Alpine 

III. Northern branch 

7. Pontic 

• Pontic 
• North Pontic 

8. Atlantic 

9. North European 

10. Baltic 

• White-Sea-Baltic 
• Eastern Baltic 

11. Uralo-Laponoid 

• Vyatka-Kama 
• Laponoid 
• Sub-Uralic 
• Uralic 

Original Humanphenotypes

Nordids

• Nordid or Hallstatt Nordid
• Nordocromagnid
• Trönder: in Norway
• Anglo Saxon: in Britain
• Friterpian: in the Netherlands
• Reihengräber: in Germany
• Keltic Nordid
• North Atlantid
• Atlantid
• Subnordid
• East Nordid or Corded Nordid
• North Pontid

Cromagnids

• Dalofaelid
• Paleo Atlantid
• Tydal type
• Brünn
• Borreby
• Balkan type
• West Baltid or Kurganoid
• Berid
• Berberid

East Europids

• Baltid
• East Baltid
• East Europid
• Uralid or Ladogan

Lappids

• Lappid

Alpinioids

• Alpinid or West Alpinid
• Dinaro-Alpinid
• Strandid
• Gorid
• Carpathid
• Asian Alpinoid

Dinarids

• Dinarid
• Norid

Mediterranids

• Gracile Mediterranid
• Atlanto Mediterranid
• Pontid
• Baskid
• Dinaro Mediterranid
• East Mediterranid
• Saharid

Armenids

• Armenid
• Anadolid
• Caucasid or Mtebid

Turanids

• West Turanid
• Alfoeldi
• Caspian
• Pamirid

Orientalids

• Arabid
• South Arabid
• Yemenid
• Assyroid
• Egyptid
• Robust Iranid
• Iranian Nordoid
• Iranid
• East Iranid

Indids

• North Indid
• Nuristani-Kalash (Indo-Nordid)
• Gracile Indid
• Indo Brachid
• East Brachid

Humanphenotypes (2014)

Human Phenotypes

Caucasoids

1. Orientalid: Widespread Mediterranoid group, common in the desert and steppe regions from North Africa to South-West Asia. Similar to Mediterranid with long heads and dark hair, but darker skinned, with almond-shaped eyes, fuller lips, longer faces, long, mildly aquiline noses, and even leaner bodies. Probably developed after the ice age from early Mediterranid groups as an adaption to dry climate.

• Arabid: Originally restricted to Arabia, ancient migrations and the Islamic expansion brought it to North Africa, where it is heavily mixed (e.g. Berber Arabs). Conquerors and Arab tradesmen spread it across the Mediterranean, parts of East Africa, India, and Indonesia, and Jews to Europe.
• Assyroid: Semitic type that unites Armenoid with Arabid features. Diluted today, purest in Isfahan Jews, but also Ashkenazi Jews and some Syrians and Iranians. Medieval migrations brought it to India, Africa, and Europe, where it was traditionally found in Poland, Belarus, and the Rhine valley. In India sometimes in Parsi and Toda.
• Iranid: Distinctive type of the Iranian Plateau. One of the main elements in Persians, especially in Southwestern Iran. An important element in Kurds, Talysh, Gilakis, and Luris. Extends to Afghanistan and India, where it can be found in West Tajik, Darts, Nuristani, Azerbaijani, and even Balti.
• Indo Iranid: Relatively recent contact type with a position intermediate between Indo Brachid and Iranid. Widespread in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, reaching Northern India in the East and Turkey in the West. Highest concentrations are found among the Baluchis, Brahuis, Pathans, Tarin, Dehwar, Pashto, and Yaghnobi, occasionally in Persians and Kurds, Bedouins, and Samaritans.
• Libyid: Common across the steppes of Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, sometimes Algeria, occasionally in the Sahara and in Andalusia. 
• Targid: Typified by the nobles of Tuareg (Imoshag) who migrate through a vast, sparsely populated area, especially found in the Ahaggar Plateau. Sometimes in Songhai and Kanuri.
• Egyptid: Typical for the Nile Valley of Egypt. In its purest form, found in Egyptian Copts. In lower frequencies in Muslims of Egypt, North Sudanese, and Libyans.

2. Armenoid

• Armenid
• Mtebid: Georgians, also Chechens, Ingushes, and Ossetians
• Anatolid
• Litorid
• Carpathid
• Assyroid
• Yemenid

3. Mediterranid

• Eurafricanid: Portugal, Eastern Spain (e.g. Valencia), Liguria, Western Switzerland, Wales, Croatia, North Algeria, Morocco, and Canary Islands
• Berberid: Riffians, Kabyles, Shilha, Chaoui, also other North Africans, e.g. Tuareg (Imrads) and Natives of the Canary Islands. A minority type in other parts of Europe (esp. South Iberia, Perigord) and Turkey
• Pontid
• Gracile Mediterranid: Iberia, Southern Italy, Mediterranean islands, Western France, Southern Greece, Northern Tunisia
• Paleo Sardinian
• Trans Mediterranid: North Africa from Morocco to Egypt with high concentrations in Tunisia and Algeria
• Canarid: Canary Islands, especially in Gomera, Tenerife (Guanches), and Gran Canaria

4. Dinarid

• Dinarid: Dinaric Alps in former Yugoslavia, where the type is commonly found among Serbs, Croats, Montenegrins, Bosniaks, and their relatives. Also typical for the Eastern Alps (esp. Tyrol), Carpathians, South Germany, Austria, Albania, West Ukraine. Extends to France, Western Greece, Bulgarian mountains, Italy, and other regions of Europe.
• Norid: Austria, Slovakia, Southern and Eastern Germany, Northern France, Northern Albania

5. Nordid

• Proto Nordid: Russians, Balts, and other peoples
• Indo Nordic: Pathan, Nuristani, and Kalash, occasionally Dards, Brokpa of Ladak, Kashmiri, Pamiri, Tajik, and Uyghurs
• Aisto Nordid: coastal regions of Baltic countries
• Fenno Nordid: Finno-Ugric people, a minority element in Eastern Finns, e.g. Mordvins, Komi (esp around Vashka), Mari, Udmurts, and Carelians, sometimes in Russians, Western Finns, Balts, and even Saami
• Dalofaelid: Central Germany, Netherlands, and Southern Sweden / Norway, partially even Southern Finland
• Hallstatt: Swedes and South Norwegians
• Trønder: Norwegian Trøndelag region, also in in other parts of Norway, Iceland, and Central Sweden
• Anglo-Saxon: East England, Frisia (Netherlands), North-West Germany, West Denmark, and parts of Northern France and Ireland
• Paleo Atlantid: Southern Norwegian mountain valleys (e.g. Tydal), Dalarna (Sweden), Western Scotland, and Ireland
• Borreby: Denmark, South Norway (Jæren), and North Germany (esp. Fehmarn)

6. Alpinid

• West Alpinid: Western Alps and Central France (e.g. the Swiss Disentis, the French Savoy, Auvergne and Massif Central regions)
• East Alpinid: mountain zones of Anatolia, to Northern Syria and Iraq
• African Alpinoid: Atlas Mountains of Algeria and Tunisia
• Gorid: Southern Poland and surrounding peoples
• Strandid: Southwestern Norway
• Baskid: Basques of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques region of Southwestern France

7. East Europid

• Tavastid: Baltic countries, from Sweden to Finland and from Estonia to Germany and Romania
• Savolaxid: Eastern Finland, Karelia, and Northern Russia, also Lappland
• Neo Danubian: Belarus, Greater Russia, and Poland
• Pre Slavic: Poles and West Ukrainians, especially in Volhynia, Galicia, Podolia, and east of Warsaw

8. Turanid

• East Pamirid: Pamiri speakers of the Pamir Mountains in Eastern Tajikistan and Northern Afghanistan, especially in the areas of Rushan, Shugan, and Vakhan
• Central Pamirid: highland Tajiks
• Plains Pamirid: Uzbeks and Uyghurs
• Andronovo-Turanid: Kazan Tatars, but also in other Turkic people
• Alföld: Hungary, especially the Alföld plain and Transdanubia

9. Indid

• Indo Brachid: Nagar Brahmin, Kayastha, Kannada, Jat and Mir-Jat, South Baluchistan, sometimes Baloch
• Central Brachid: Uttar Pradesh, South Nepal, the Gangetic Plain, the Deccan Plateau, and other parts of Central India as far as Orissa
• East Brachid: Western Himalaya / Nepal to Bhutan to the Bengals and Burma
• Gracile Indid: along the Ganges river and Deccan
• Mountain Indid: Garhwali of Uttarakhand and Pahari, but also in Purigi, Kanets, Rajputs, Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Nepal, Eastern Afghanistan, even Tajikistan
• Sinhalesid: Sinhalese and related people
• Keralid: plains of Malabar (Kerala), typical for Tiyer / Ezhava, Mukkaver, Kammalan, Nairs, and similar medium ranked castes of Kerala
• North Indid: Sikh and Punjabi and upper/warrior castes of the Doab, also in Rajputs, Patharns, in Kashmir and the Hindu Kush
• Toda: the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India